Niralambopanishad
This is a fantastic version that deals with so many
philosophical questions about the creator and the creation. It starts with the
santhipata “Ohm purnamidam”. The first verse reads as follows “Ohm Namasivaya
guravaee schidananda moorthee, Nishprapanchaya santhaya niralambhaya thejasee”.
This is an oblation to the all powerful Shiva who is Sacidananda Moorty and the
embodiment of peace.
The second stanza gives an idea about who a real
Sanyasi is. He depends only on the paramatatwa (the ultimate principle); he
discards the world and he attains moksha.
Then the author makes clear his commitments that he
will describe about everything needed for the ignorant class to attain peace. Then
follows a series of philosophical questions and the answers for that. There are
no better questions for a student of life.
Following are the most important questions:
Ø What is
Brahma?
Ø Who is God?
Ø What is
Life?
Ø What is
Prakrithi or nature?
Ø Who is the
Paramaatman?
Ø Who is the
real Brahman?
Ø Who is
Vishnu?
Ø Who is
Rudran?
Ø Who is
Indran?
Ø Who is Yama?
Ø Who is
Surya?
Ø Who is Moon?
Ø Who is
Asura?Who are the devils?
Ø Who is man?
Ø Who is a
woman?
Ø Who are
animals?
Ø What is
caste?
Ø What is
Karma and Akarma?
Ø What is
njanam (knowledge)?
Ø What is
ignorance?
Ø What is sugham
(solace)?
Ø What is
dukham or sorrow?
Ø What is
heaven (swargam)?
Ø What is
hell?
Ø What is
bandham (relationship)?
Ø What is
moksham (salvation)?
Ø Who is a
disciple?
Ø Who is a
vidwan?
Ø Who is a
fool?
Ø What is
thapas?
Ø What is
paramapadam?
Ø Who is a
real sanyasi?
Then follows one emphatic statement. All these are
part of Brahma or different dimensions of Brahma. Then we get some deep
philosophical answers for the above questions. These are sublime answers that
one can expect to get for such highly philosophical riddles in life.
For the first question who is ‘parabrahma’ we get the
following answer: It is that force which is sublime and which is in the form of
earth, water, air, fire and sky. It is unique and all powerful. It is the cause
of all; without beginning and without end. It is pure and calm. It is Nirguna
Brahma.
When the Parabrahma enters the universe and resides in
all the beings it becomes Lord of all. The same chaithanya or essence can be
named as Brahma, Vishnu, Indra, Sankara and so on. For the question what is
jeeva or life, the answer is that it is ahambhavam(stoolabhava). One gets a
feeling that he/ she is concrete and thinks about “my body”. This feeling is
the reason for jeeva or the life. All different dimensions or forms are
prakrithi or nature. It is the intellect of Brahma.
Then comes the question what is the Over Soul? That
which is beyond the creations is Para Brahma. It resides in everything like
sun, moon and all. There is nothing that is not God. (Once we accept this, we
will have to come to the conclusion that there is no devil).
Sixth stanza deals with the question of caste and we
get a beautiful version of the concept of caste. It is just imaginaryand it has
nothing to do with skin, blood, meat or soul.
The answer to the question what is knowledge is given
in the second part of stanza VI. The understanding that all objects visible and
invisible are nothing but God is the ultimate knowledge. Ignorance (ajnjana) is
the illusion that rope is the serpent. Just like that when one sees duality in
God and Nature it is the pinnacle of ignorance. Actually Brahma, Deva, bird,
animal, man, woman, are all the same.
What is sugham or solace? It is the realization of the
nature of Paramaatma and the feeling of Sachidananda (fullness of peace and
joy). Then we get a very interesting answer for the question what is heaven?
Heaven is sajjana samagamam (company of sublime people). This is followed by
the explanation of hell. It is the company of untruth and wicked people.
What is bondage? It is the feeling that “I am living”,
“I am dying” etc. Possessiveness of father, mother, brother, wife, child,
house, garden, temple etc is also a kind of bondage. The consideration of
varnasrama dharma is also bondage. And we get a very interesting clarification
that the very craving of moksha/salvation alone is also a kind of bondage. Craving
for all ashtaiswarya (8 blessings) is also considered as bondage. All kinds of
prayers with the aim of pleasing people and God for personal benefits will also
be classified as bondage.
Then comes the explanation for moksha (eternal life).
It is the absolute freedom from all aspects of joys and sorrows. It is total
deliverance from all mamata (attachment) and bandhanam (bondage).
In the ensuing stanzas we get a series of definitions
about different people and concepts.
1) Upasyan: One who is able to discern the ultimate
essence of Brahma in every object and a real guru who can impart such knowledge is called upasyan.
2) Disciple: One who
is able to dispel darkness of ignorance and becoming himself like Brahma
will be termed as a real disciple.
3) Vidwan (Wise Person): One who is able to understand
the real nature of the soul is a wise person.
4) Fool: One
who is an embodiment of pride will be called as a fool.
5) Asuuri: One who indulges in fasting and meditation with
the intension of receiving blessings from Brahma, Vishnu & Maheswara
belongs to this class.
6) Thapam (Contemplation): It is the process of
comprehending the meaning of the dictum ‘Brahmasatyam Jagat mitdya (Brahma is
the ultimate truth and the world is maya).
7) Paramapadam: It is different from jeeva (life),
indriya and mind. It is the ultimate stage of deliverance.
Towards the end of this Upanishad we are again and
again given a beautiful description about the qualities of a sage or an acetic.
He frees himself from all kinds of pride and attachment. He is absolutely drawn
to Brahma. He realizes the truth that “I am Brahma” and “All is Brahma”. There
is nothing which is not the ultimate. He is termed as Muktan (free), Poojyan,
Yogi, Paramahamsan, avadootan and Brahmanan.
The last part of this Upanishad makes a big claim that
one who contemplates on this Upanishad with all seriousness will become as pure
as fire and air. He will not have rebirth. He will attain eternal life.
Dr. Abraham Karickam